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Major depressive disorder (MDD)

MENTAL DISORDER OF THE WEEK, read on for more information on MDD.



What is Major Depressive Disorder?


  • Major depressive disorder (MDD), often known as clinical depression, is a mental condition characterized by at least two weeks of persistent sadness, low self-esteem, and loss of interest or pleasure in typically pleasurable activities. Those who are affected may also have delusions or hallucinations on occasion.

  • According to the American Psychiatric Association, major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common but serious medical illness that has a negative impact on how one feels, thinks, and acts.


Causes

  • The precise cause of MDD is frequently unknown.

  • Depression can sometimes be caused by, and reversed by, medical problems such as hypothyroidism.

  • Although the biochemical reasons for depression are unknown, psychological trauma or stress is crucial in both predisposing and worsening the disorder.


Symptoms

  • Suffering from sadness

  • Feelings of despondency

  • Loss of interest/lack of enjoyment

  • irritable temperament

  • Irritation

  • Tiredness

  • Memory Impairment

  • Sleep disturbances

  • Uncontrollable sobbing

  • Weight loss and reduced appetite loss


Complications

  • Suicidal ideation, suicide attempt

  • Putting on weight

  • Physical disease or pain

  • Misuse of alcohol and drugs

  • Isolation from the rest of society

  • Self-sufficiency

  • Anxiety and panic attacks


Prevention

  • There is no sure way to prevent depression.

  • Control stressful situations in order to build self-esteem.

  • Discuss your feelings with family and friends.

  • Receive prompt medical attention.


TREATMENT


Medication

  • SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors): These raise the levels of serotonin (a neurotransmitter) in the brain, which is believed to modulate

Therapy

  • Psychotherapy - is the process of discussing the ailment and related difficulties with a mental health practitioner.

  • Brain stimulation therapy - is used to influence the function and effect of neurotransmitters and to alleviate depression.

  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) - This technique is used to stimulate nerve cells in the brain that are involved in mood regulation and depression.

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